Strain gauge or load cell is designed to measure the deformation of certain objects of study. Fluctuations in the geometric characteristics of the sample, resulted in changes of the physical properties of any sensor that can be measured. Strain gauges are used for measurement: force, pressure, acceleration, movement, torque. The simplest are mechanical strain gauges.
Reading of them, carried out with a special line. Also exist, optical polarization, fiber-optic sensors. The most widely Thin-film sensors. This is due to the relative simplicity and reliability of their work.
The principle of thin-film sensor, based on the law, which in 1856 opened Lord Kelvin. It is, that under the action of tensile force, which changes the geometrical characteristics of the conductor varies, the electrical resistance. This change can be measured and correlated to the degree of deformation of the sensor, which in turn may be correlated with the degree of deformation, the test specimen.
The structure of the measuring bridge as one of the resistances included a strain gauge. Calibrated bridge, whereby the resistance between the control points is zero. One of the conducting branches is provided with a load cell, and the other resistor is balanced. If you change the physical parameters of the load cell, its resistance changes, and the resistor on the free branch remains unchanged. This causes that the voltage changes between checkpoints. Law changes this voltage will be mapped, with changes in the physical parameters affecting the object of study, on which the strain gauge. Until the eighties of the last century, readings were processed using paper recorders. Currently, the use of electronic methods. The signal is transmitted to a computer, where it examined specific programs.
They undergo a special calibration to account for, the change in resistance of the sensor associated with changes in temperature and filter out the interference from the true signal. When working with sensors particularly high temperatures or corrosive environments, sensors are equipped with protection. Sensors are used, as well, during the non-destructive testing for a variety of products. High accuracy and low cost load cells, allowing them to be widely used in space technology, to equip boosters, launchers. Light weight and strain gauges can be inserted in remote places, you can use them, too, for equipment manned and unmanned spacecraft.
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